• As discussed above both endogenous and exogenous

  2021-11-09

  

  As discussed above, both endogenous and exogenous lesions can lead to adverse health effects [43]. Damaged nucleobases can block DNA replication which is often lethal to cells [44]. The effectiveness of DNA restoration by DNA glycosylases should be closely monitored to gain an insight of the functio

• br Methods and materials br Results To examine the

  2021-11-09

  

  Methods and materials Results To examine the fear conditioning effects of the pre-exposure, drug, and sex factors in the total latency time, a 2 × 3 × 2 three-way ANOVA indicated that more information significant differences occurred in the drug (F2109 = 14.44, p 0.05) and pre-exposure × sex

• br Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate recepto

  2021-11-09

  

  Functional organization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors Downstream effects of glutamate receptor positioning Mechanisms underlying the subsynaptic positioning of glutamate receptors Conclusions and future prospects The molecular organization of synapses is undoubtedly a critical dete

• ICH induced striatal lesion produced

  2021-11-09

  

  ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino Pseudo-UTP transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity following brain ischemia

• The effect of the selected compounds on NF kB

  2021-11-09

  

  The effect of the selected compounds on NF-kB transrepression was assessed using the well-studied HeLa B2 cell line that expresses endogenous GR and NF-kB family members and responds properly to glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF). Our data revealed that the two hit compound

• br GR Is a Transcriptional Activator How GR activates

  2021-11-09

  

  GR Is a Transcriptional Activator How GR activates some genes while repressing others remains unsettled after decades of study. While significant controversy exists regarding GR-mediated repression, a consensus model for transcriptional activation has emerged: GR activates transcription through s

• These various observations indicate that

  2021-11-09

  

  These various observations indicate that GIP plays an important role in the normal compensatory islet response to high fat feeding. This likely reflects the loss of the combined actions of intra-islet GIP together with intestinally-derived GIP entering the islet vasculature following secretion from

• Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from

  2021-11-09

  

  Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from different groups regarding studies in ghrelin−/− and ghsr−/− mice are likely explained by the mixed background of the mutant mice used in the different studies [35]; although in the case of mice exposed to HFD, exposure to a HFD immediately

• GSIs were shown to effectively decrease

  2021-11-09

  

  GSIs were shown to effectively decrease Aβ levels at doses close to or higher than their IC50 values in cell culture models. Surprisingly, they also slightly increase Aβ levels at low doses, (significantly below the IC50) also known as “Aβ rise”, due to various mechanisms including inhibition of cel

• Ru II complexes have been reported to be both duplex

  2021-11-09

  

  Ru(II) complexes have been reported to be both duplex and G-quadruplex structure stabilizers, and potent anticancer agents [[11], [12], [13], [14]]. Barton, Norden, as well as Ji groups have provided detailed information about recognition and reactions of classical duplex DNA by Ru complexes [[47],

• br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br Introduction Odorant

  2021-11-09

  

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Odorant receptors (ORs) are the largest subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are mainly expressed by olfactory sensory neurons in the nose for the detection of various odorants [1]. However, more recent reports suggest that ORs are also expressed an

• Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used bioisosteres

  2021-11-09

  

  1-Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used bioisosteres for carboxylic acids arising from their similarity in pKa (ca. 4.5–4.9 vs 4.2–4.4, respectively)., Metabolically, tetrazoles may exhibit an advantage over carboxylic acids because they form -glucuronides which are not as chemically reactive a

• The first phase of insulin secretion

  2021-11-09

  

  The first phase of insulin secretion is due to calcium signaling because of glucose sensing, increased cytoplasmic ATP levels, cellular depolarization, calcium influx and activation of calcium sensing molecules that eventually causes the fusion of the insulin granules to plasma membrane (exocytosis)

• The primary physiological role of the

  2021-11-08

  

  The primary physiological role of the HO system is the protection of MDL 800 receptor from oxidative stress. These cytoprotective effects are attributable both to the degradation of the pro-oxidant heme and to the positive contribution of the metabolites produced during this degradation, namely CO,

• The eel and perhaps other euryhaline teleost

  2021-11-08

  

  The eel, and perhaps other euryhaline teleost fish, have the additional peptide, renoguanylin that exhibits high levels of expression within the kidney as well as the intestine. In terms of overall sequence, pre-prorenoguanylin is more homologous to pre-proguanylin than pre-prouroguanylin and a phen

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