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A promising target that is
2024-04-29
A promising target that is involved in the biosynthesis of the precursor LTA4 is the 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP), which in vivo is seemingly indispensable for LT formation [8], [9]. FLAP, a member of the MAPEG family (membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism), is an i
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The ATX LPA signaling axis
2024-04-29
The ATX–LPA signaling “axis” [5] has been implicated in a perplexing variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including vascular and neural development [5], [26], [27], [28], [29], tumor progression and metastasis [30], [31], lymphocyte trafficking [22], bone development [32], neur
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Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases
2024-04-29
Aurora kinases were initially identified as protein kinases essential for error-free chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Aurora A appears to control premetaphase events, such as bipolar spindle assembly 3, 4, with Aurora B and C directing metaphase and postmetaphase events, including
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The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic
2024-04-29
The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic CPI-455 (AMPA) receptor is also enriched in postsynaptic striatal neurons (Bernard et al., 1997, Kondo et al., 2000, Reimers et al., 2011). Its activity is subjected to the regulation by a mechanism involving phosphorylation (Lu and Roche, 2012). F
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APJ receptors have a amino acid sequence with a
2024-04-28
APJ receptors have a 380 amino tachykinin receptor sequence with a characteristic G-protein structure, including seven transmembrane domains and post-translation modification sites for phosphorylation, palmitoylation and glycosylation along with association sites for β-arrestin (O'Dowd et al., 1993)
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The reproducibility of the IC measurements in the
2024-04-28
The reproducibility of the IC50 measurements in the Pf-dhfr yeast was far better than comparable measurements in P. falciparum in vitro [1]. This is probably due to the extremely low level of folate and para-aminobenzoic 8-Bromo-cGMP, sodium salt in the yeast growth medium. This is in contrast to cu
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br Materials and methods br
2024-04-28
Materials and methods Results Discussion Our results revealed that LPS injection in rats impaired fear memory in the PA task. This results are in agreement with the most of previous studies reported that following acute [23,24,39,[45], [46], [47]] or chronic systemic glutamate receptor anta
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br Introduction AMP activated protein kinase AMPK
2024-04-28
Introduction AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been found to be a key character against cardiovascular diseases and cellular stress. When activated by certain stress, AMPK regulates sugars and fatty acids that are good or detrimental to the heart. For example, targeting AMPK phosphorylation
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Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be ful
2024-04-28
Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be fully synthesized due to their very complex structures that are too difficult and expensive on industrial scale. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for alternative remedies as naturally occurring biologically active secondary metabolites
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br Applications of ATN in clinical trials
2024-04-28
Applications of ATN in clinical trials In pivotal trials, the use of biomarkers will also have to be considered in the context of regulatory risk and scrutiny. Although an important intended application of the framework is in research studies, its use will undoubtedly impact clinical development
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br Conflict of interest statement br Introduction Human sali
2024-04-28
Conflict of interest statement Introduction Human saliva contains many detoxifying and antioxidant 2595 like glutathione S-transferase, catalase, peroxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), etc. [1]. Human salivary ALDH (hsALDH) protects individuals from toxic aldehydes contained in food as na
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Interestingly intermittent high doses of
2024-04-28
Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula
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It is also possible that
2024-04-28
It is also possible that α2-adrenoceptor activation may inhibit glutamate accumulation by upregulating the glutamate-buffering activity of Müller DMPO through EAAT1 or adjusting EAAT2 in bipolar cells, as well as the NMDA receptor. Therefore, we investigated whether topical administration of brimon
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Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines
2024-04-28
Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamines (CA) released from synaptic nerves and the adrenal gland that mediate systemic responses to nutritional stressors (Cannon and De la Paz, 1911). CA mobilize plasma glucose by suppressing insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cell (Katada and Ui, 198
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Extracellular adenosine acts as a local
2024-04-28
Extracellular adenosine acts as a local modulator of cell function via four adenosine receptor subtypes (A1Rs A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) that are involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes [31]. Each is encoded by a separate gene and has different functions, although with some ove
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